An operating system is an important part almost every computer system.an operating system is a program that manages the computer hardware.it provides a basic for application programs and act as the intermediate between the user and hardware.

Operating system devices:

An operating system provides an environment for the user to execute the programs.it provides services to user and to program. The services may differ from one operating system to another. A computer system can be divided roughly into four components:

1.     The hardware

2.     The operating system

3.     The application programs

4.     The users

The hardware – the central processing unit (CPU), the memory and the input /output devices – provides the basic cimputing resources. The application programs – such as word processors, spreadsheets , compliers, and web browsers – define the ways in which these resources are used to solve the computing problems of the user.

The operating system controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application program for the various users. The components of a computer system are its hardware, software and data. The operating system provides the means for the proper use of these resources in the operation of the computer system. An operating system is similar to a government.

User interface:

Almost all operating system has a user interface. One is a direct command line interface (CLI) which uses text command. Another is a both interface in which command and control those command is entered into files and those files are executed.

System view:

From the computer’s point of view, the operating system is the program that is most intimate with the hardware. We can view an operating system as a resource allocator. A computer system has many resources – hardware and software – that may be required to solve a problem. CPU time, memory space, file storage space, I/O devices, and so on. The operating system acts as the manager of these resources.

A slightly different view of an operating system emphasizes the need to control the various I/O  devices and user program. An operating system  is a control program. A control program manages the execution of user programs to prevent error and improper use of the computer. It is especially concerned with the operation and control of I/O devices.

System goals:

It is easier to define an operating system by what it does than by what it is, but even this can be tricky. The primary goal of some operating system is convenience for the user. Operating system exists because they are supposed to make it easier to compute with them than without them. This view is particularly clear when you look at operating systems for small PCs.

Operating system and computer architecture have influences each other a great deal. To facilitate the use of the hardware, researchers developed operating system. Users of the operating system then proposed changes the hardware design to simplify them. In this short historical review, notice how identification of 

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